explorer-monorepo/docs/WRAP_AND_BRIDGE_TO_ETHEREUM.md

# Wrap ETH to WETH9 and Bridge to Ethereum Mainnet

This guide explains the complete process of wrapping ETH to WETH9 and bridging it to Ethereum Mainnet from ChainID 138.

## Overview

The process involves three main steps:
1. **Wrap ETH to WETH9** - Convert native ETH to WETH9 tokens
2. **Approve Bridge** - Grant the bridge contract permission to spend your WETH9
3. **Bridge to Ethereum Mainnet** - Send WETH9 cross-chain via CCIP

## Prerequisites

- Private key with sufficient ETH balance (amount + gas fees)
- `cast` tool from Foundry (for command-line execution)
- Access to ChainID 138 RPC endpoint
- Basic understanding of blockchain transactions

## Contract Addresses

### ChainID 138 (Source Chain)
- **WETH9 Contract**: `0xC02aaA39b223FE8D0A0e5C4F27eAD9083C756Cc2`
- **WETH9 Bridge**: `0x89dd12025bfCD38A168455A44B400e913ED33BE2`
- **RPC URL**: `http://192.168.11.250:8545` or `https://rpc-core.d-bis.org`

### Ethereum Mainnet (Destination)
- **Chain Selector**: `5009297550715157269`
- **Chain ID**: `1`

## Quick Start

### Using the Automated Script

```bash
# Basic usage (with PRIVATE_KEY in .env)
./scripts/wrap-and-bridge-to-ethereum.sh 1.0

# With private key as argument
./scripts/wrap-and-bridge-to-ethereum.sh 1.0 0xYourPrivateKeyHere
```

The script will:
1. Check your ETH balance
2. Wrap ETH to WETH9 if needed
3. Approve the bridge contract
4. Calculate CCIP fees
5. Send the cross-chain transfer

## Manual Process (Step-by-Step)

### Step 1: Check Your Balance

```bash
# Get your address from private key
DEPLOYER=$(cast wallet address --private-key "0xYourPrivateKey")

# Check ETH balance
cast balance "$DEPLOYER" --rpc-url "http://192.168.11.250:8545"

# Check WETH9 balance
cast call "0xC02aaA39b223FE8D0A0e5C4F27eAD9083C756Cc2" \
  "balanceOf(address)" "$DEPLOYER" \
  --rpc-url "http://192.168.11.250:8545"
```

### Step 2: Wrap ETH to WETH9

WETH9 uses the standard `deposit()` function to wrap ETH:

```bash
# Convert amount to wei (e.g., 1.0 ETH)
AMOUNT_WEI=$(cast --to-wei 1.0 ether)

# Wrap ETH by calling deposit() with value
cast send "0xC02aaA39b223FE8D0A0e5C4F27eAD9083C756Cc2" "deposit()" \
  --value "$AMOUNT_WEI" \
  --rpc-url "http://192.168.11.250:8545" \
  --private-key "0xYourPrivateKey" \
  --gas-price 5000000000
```

**What happens:**
- ETH is sent to the WETH9 contract
- Equivalent WETH9 tokens are minted to your address
- A `Deposit` event is emitted
- A `Transfer` event is emitted (from address(0) to you)

### Step 3: Approve Bridge Contract

Before bridging, you must approve the bridge to spend your WETH9:

```bash
# Approve bridge (using max uint256 for unlimited approval)
MAX_UINT256="115792089237316195423570985008687907853269984665640564039457584007913129639935"

cast send "0xC02aaA39b223FE8D0A0e5C4F27eAD9083C756Cc2" \
  "approve(address,uint256)" \
  "0x89dd12025bfCD38A168455A44B400e913ED33BE2" \
  "$MAX_UINT256" \
  --rpc-url "http://192.168.11.250:8545" \
  --private-key "0xYourPrivateKey" \
  --gas-price 5000000000
```

**Check allowance:**
```bash
cast call "0xC02aaA39b223FE8D0A0e5C4F27eAD9083C756Cc2" \
  "allowance(address,address)" \
  "$DEPLOYER" \
  "0x89dd12025bfCD38A168455A44B400e913ED33BE2" \
  --rpc-url "http://192.168.11.250:8545"
```

### Step 4: Calculate CCIP Fee

Before bridging, check the required fee:

```bash
ETHEREUM_SELECTOR="5009297550715157269"
AMOUNT_WEI=$(cast --to-wei 1.0 ether)

cast call "0x89dd12025bfCD38A168455A44B400e913ED33BE2" \
  "calculateFee(uint64,uint256)" \
  "$ETHEREUM_SELECTOR" \
  "$AMOUNT_WEI" \
  --rpc-url "http://192.168.11.250:8545"
```

### Step 5: Bridge to Ethereum Mainnet

Send the cross-chain transfer:

```bash
ETHEREUM_SELECTOR="5009297550715157269"
AMOUNT_WEI=$(cast --to-wei 1.0 ether)
DEPLOYER=$(cast wallet address --private-key "0xYourPrivateKey")

cast send "0x89dd12025bfCD38A168455A44B400e913ED33BE2" \
  "sendCrossChain(uint64,address,uint256)" \
  "$ETHEREUM_SELECTOR" \
  "$DEPLOYER" \
  "$AMOUNT_WEI" \
  --rpc-url "http://192.168.11.250:8545" \
  --private-key "0xYourPrivateKey" \
  --gas-price 5000000000
```

**What happens:**
- Bridge contract transfers WETH9 from your address
- CCIP message is sent to Ethereum Mainnet
- On Ethereum Mainnet, WETH9 tokens are minted to your address
- The process typically takes a few minutes

## Using Web3 Libraries

### JavaScript/TypeScript (ethers.js)

```javascript
const { ethers } = require('ethers');

// Setup
const provider = new ethers.providers.JsonRpcProvider('http://192.168.11.250:8545');
const wallet = new ethers.Wallet('0xYourPrivateKey', provider);

const WETH9_ADDRESS = '0xC02aaA39b223FE8D0A0e5C4F27eAD9083C756Cc2';
const BRIDGE_ADDRESS = '0x89dd12025bfCD38A168455A44B400e913ED33BE2';
const ETHEREUM_SELECTOR = '5009297550715157269';

// Step 1: Wrap ETH
const weth9 = new ethers.Contract(WETH9_ADDRESS, [
  'function deposit() payable',
  'function balanceOf(address) view returns (uint256)',
  'function approve(address,uint256) returns (bool)',
  'function allowance(address,address) view returns (uint256)'
], wallet);

const amount = ethers.utils.parseEther('1.0');
const wrapTx = await weth9.deposit({ value: amount });
await wrapTx.wait();
console.log('Wrapped ETH to WETH9:', wrapTx.hash);

// Step 2: Approve Bridge
const approveTx = await weth9.approve(BRIDGE_ADDRESS, ethers.constants.MaxUint256);
await approveTx.wait();
console.log('Approved bridge:', approveTx.hash);

// Step 3: Bridge
const bridge = new ethers.Contract(BRIDGE_ADDRESS, [
  'function sendCrossChain(uint64,address,uint256)',
  'function calculateFee(uint64,uint256) view returns (uint256)'
], wallet);

const fee = await bridge.calculateFee(ETHEREUM_SELECTOR, amount);
console.log('CCIP Fee:', ethers.utils.formatEther(fee));

const bridgeTx = await bridge.sendCrossChain(ETHEREUM_SELECTOR, wallet.address, amount);
await bridgeTx.wait();
console.log('Bridged to Ethereum Mainnet:', bridgeTx.hash);
```

### Python (web3.py)

```python
from web3 import Web3

# Setup
w3 = Web3(Web3.HTTPProvider('http://192.168.11.250:8545'))
account = w3.eth.account.from_key('0xYourPrivateKey')

WETH9_ADDRESS = '0xC02aaA39b223FE8D0A0e5C4F27eAD9083C756Cc2'
BRIDGE_ADDRESS = '0x89dd12025bfCD38A168455A44B400e913ED33BE2'
ETHEREUM_SELECTOR = 5009297550715157269

# WETH9 ABI (simplified)
weth9_abi = [
    {
        "constant": False,
        "inputs": [],
        "name": "deposit",
        "outputs": [],
        "payable": True,
        "stateMutability": "payable",
        "type": "function"
    },
    {
        "constant": False,
        "inputs": [{"name": "spender", "type": "address"}, {"name": "amount", "type": "uint256"}],
        "name": "approve",
        "outputs": [{"name": "", "type": "bool"}],
        "type": "function"
    }
]

# Bridge ABI (simplified)
bridge_abi = [
    {
        "constant": False,
        "inputs": [
            {"name": "destinationChainSelector", "type": "uint64"},
            {"name": "recipient", "type": "address"},
            {"name": "amount", "type": "uint256"}
        ],
        "name": "sendCrossChain",
        "outputs": [],
        "type": "function"
    }
]

weth9 = w3.eth.contract(address=WETH9_ADDRESS, abi=weth9_abi)
bridge = w3.eth.contract(address=BRIDGE_ADDRESS, abi=bridge_abi)

amount = w3.toWei(1.0, 'ether')

# Step 1: Wrap ETH
tx_hash = weth9.functions.deposit().transact({
    'from': account.address,
    'value': amount,
    'gas': 100000,
    'gasPrice': w3.toWei(5, 'gwei')
})
receipt = w3.eth.wait_for_transaction_receipt(tx_hash)
print(f'Wrapped ETH: {tx_hash.hex()}')

# Step 2: Approve Bridge
max_uint256 = 2**256 - 1
tx_hash = weth9.functions.approve(BRIDGE_ADDRESS, max_uint256).transact({
    'from': account.address,
    'gas': 100000,
    'gasPrice': w3.toWei(5, 'gwei')
})
receipt = w3.eth.wait_for_transaction_receipt(tx_hash)
print(f'Approved bridge: {tx_hash.hex()}')

# Step 3: Bridge
tx_hash = bridge.functions.sendCrossChain(
    ETHEREUM_SELECTOR,
    account.address,
    amount
).transact({
    'from': account.address,
    'gas': 500000,
    'gasPrice': w3.toWei(5, 'gwei')
})
receipt = w3.eth.wait_for_transaction_receipt(tx_hash)
print(f'Bridged to Ethereum Mainnet: {tx_hash.hex()}')
```

## Important Notes

### Gas Fees
- Wrapping ETH: ~50,000 gas
- Approving bridge: ~50,000 gas
- Bridging: ~200,000-500,000 gas (depends on CCIP complexity)
- Keep extra ETH for gas fees (recommend 0.01+ ETH)

### Transaction Confirmation
- ChainID 138 transactions typically confirm in seconds
- CCIP bridge transfers may take 5-15 minutes to complete on Ethereum Mainnet
- Monitor both chains for completion

### Security
- **Never share your private key**
- Store private keys securely (use environment variables or secure key management)
- Verify contract addresses before interacting
- Double-check amounts before sending

### Troubleshooting

**Insufficient Balance:**
```bash
# Check ETH balance
cast balance "$DEPLOYER" --rpc-url "$RPC_URL"

# Check WETH9 balance
cast call "$WETH9_ADDRESS" "balanceOf(address)" "$DEPLOYER" --rpc-url "$RPC_URL"
```

**Transaction Failed:**
- Check gas price (may need to increase)
- Verify nonce (may need to wait for previous transactions)
- Ensure sufficient balance for amount + gas

**Bridge Not Approved:**
```bash
# Check allowance
cast call "$WETH9_ADDRESS" "allowance(address,address)" "$DEPLOYER" "$WETH9_BRIDGE" --rpc-url "$RPC_URL"
```

## Monitoring Transactions

- **ChainID 138 Explorer**: https://explorer.d-bis.org
- **Ethereum Mainnet Explorer**: https://etherscan.io

## Additional Resources

- [WETH9 Contract Documentation](https://docs.openzeppelin.com/contracts/4.x/api/token/erc20#WETH)
- [CCIP Documentation](https://docs.chain.link/ccip)
- [Foundry Cast Documentation](https://book.getfoundry.sh/reference/cast/)